Those that are followers this is something close to my heart that I wanted to share. I have gone through only one deployment, in my lifetime as a military wife. I know others who have had family members do several and seen the effects of these on young children and teenagers. Do not be afraid to ask for help or even just talk to your own child about what they feel. It is never too late to be the friend they want and not the parent.
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-military-children-suicide-attempts-20150319-story.html
Stairway to the Future
Monday, March 30, 2015
Tuesday, March 24, 2015
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder which is
related to anxiety and depression. An individual may develop this disorder when
he is exposed to a series of traumatic events or a single event which can
include a serious injury, sexual assault, or a death threat. The disorder can
be clinically diagnosed when symptoms like disturbing flashbacks recur,
memories of the event continue to disturb, and high levels of anxiety take
place even after months of the event. It is not necessary that all people
suffering from traumatic events develop this disorder. It will most likely
affect the people with sensitive minds and hearts, and who experience severe
traumatic events. Women are said to suffer post traumatic stress disorder more
than men because they tend to experience a comparatively severe impact. Children
will be less likely to experience post traumatic stress disorders especially if
they are less than 10 years while war veterans are most likely to be at risk
for such a disorder. The causes, symptoms, treatment, and diagnosis of the post
traumatic stress disorder will be discussed and analyzed in this paper.
Basically,
we all have encountered someone who has fought in one or more of the wars, even
those that have fought a personal war.
Here lately, though more and more Veterans of the past and present
conflicts are being medically discharged for suffering from PTSD or Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder. This disorder (PTSD) does not “just usually happen”
to people, however, it does seem in a sense to. PTSD is like when you are
walking along the sidewalk and suddenly you are shoved into a van, you have
been kidnapped; this event therefore causes you to develop PTSD. It is in fact that most traumatic responses
particularly happen to women and children that happen in the context of
intimate relationships (Kolk, B. & Najavits, L.M., 2013).
Defining
post traumatic stress disorder:
PTSD
is” a major, life-altering disorder that strikes several people who survive a
traumatic experience. PTSD is a type of invisible epidemic that affects
millions of people of every age, every walk of life, and many suffer alone and
in silence” (Goulston, M.; 2008). Cheryl Lawhorne and Don Philpott describe
PTSD as “a traumatic stress injury that fails to heal such that the symptoms
and behaviours it causes remain significantly troubling or disabling beyond
thirty days after their onset (Lawhorne, C. & Philpott, D. ; 2010).
It’s
a natural phenomenon that people tend to feel afraid when they are in danger. The
fear causes a sudden change in the body which is when the body prepares to
defend or avoid the fear. This is a reaction which indicated that the person is
healthy and can protect himself from harm. However, individuals with the post
traumatic stress disorder tend to have a damaged reaction. These people feel
stressed even when they are out of the danger. PTSD develops in the mind of the
individual when he has been involved in a traumatic event of physical harm or
threat of harm. The individual who develops the disorder might have been in
danger himself, or experienced harm happening to a loved one, or may have
witnessed harm happening to a stranger or loved one (Yehuda,
2002).
What
are the triggers?
According
to James Butcher, Susan Mineka, and Jill Hooley; “Most people function well in
catastrophes, and many behave with heroism. Whether or not someone develops
post-traumatic stress disorder depends on a number of factors. Some research
suggests that personality can play a role in the reduction of vulnerability to
stress when the stressors are unforgiving. “Basically, we all have our own
breaking points, the difference being that during really high levels of stress,
the average person can be expected to materialize some psychological hardships
that can be long or short term after the traumatic event.
In
all cases of post-traumatic stress, conditioned fear which is associated with
the trauma appears to be a key causal factor. Therefore, it prompts
psychotherapy following a traumatic experience which is considered important in
the prevention of conditioned fear before it becomes something that can be
changed later (Butcher, J.M. & Mineka, S. and Hooley, J.M.; 2007) .
Genes
is one of the causes for PTSD as many scientists have concluded that genes play
a major role in creating memories. Fearful memories have to be understood in
order to help in refining them or finding new interventions to reduce the PTSD
symptoms. Scientists have found out that genes make a protein, which is needed
to produce fear memories, called Stathmin. The test for this protein was made
on mice in which those mice that produced this protein tended to be less likely
to be shocked when facing danger or a fearful experience. These mice showed
lesser fear and explored open places rather willingly than other mice. GRP is a
chemical which is released in the brain during emotional events. GRP controls
the fear response and lack of GRP leads to lasting memories and effects of
fearful experiences. Researchers have found out that there are many chemicals
that are present inside the brain created by our genes which directly or
indirectly affect our fear memories, emotional responses, and moods. These
chemicals affect the PTSD disorders and their functioning in the brain.
Another
cause of the PTSD is the functioning of the parts of brain and how they help
the individual to deal with the fearful experiences and stress that follows
those events. The brain structures respond differently to all actions and one
of them is known for the role it has in emotions, memory, and learning. This
part of the brain is attentive when the body is at risk of harm or danger and
helps in learning the fear such as someone running to hit you. This area of the
brain also helps in managing the fear at an early stage and learning to control
fear (Wiederhold,
2005).
Another
area of the brain deals with storing unforgettable memories and reliving the
original response of fear repeatedly by remembering those experiences. This
part of the brain makes it difficult for the individual to make decisions,
solve problems, and make judgements. Such functions of the brain affect the individuals
suffering from PTSD. The brain does not allow these people to forget their
fears and fearful responses to specific events. When these fears live in the
brain, they start affecting the personalities of the individuals. The brain
stores the fearful memories and affects the ability of the brain to work
wisely.
The
genes and brain parts are different in every individual and these differences
may affect the performance of PTSD individually. An example of this is a head
injury or a traumatic event experienced in childhood where the growth of the
brain is affected. Other factors affecting the brain areas are personality and
cognitive development factors that are different in every individual as
psychologists say that individuals respond differently to same situations. The
way individuals look at life and the world around them can be positive or
negative affecting the growth of the brain and responding to social factors.
This affects the way individuals face traumatic events in life and how they
deal with the social support to adjust with the trauma. The research study with
the combination of these factors can analyse in the future that which
individuals would face PTSD after traumatic events and which would not (Fisher,
1994).
Researchers
have focused on the prevention of PTSD as an important goal in the last decade
because of the great number of cases that were being reported and the rapid
progress in the study of mental and brain foundations make it possible to
conclude preventions. There are many ongoing researches on the prevention of this
disorder by targeting the causes and enhancing the personality, cognitive, and
social factors to fall in PTSD after the traumatic event. Other researchers are
working towards developing an effective treatment for the PTSD patients to ensure
that they are responding well to the clinical procedures. As scientists are
researching for the causes of PTSD it will become easier to understand the
disorder better and find more effective treatments that may vary individual to
individual (Bisson, 2007).
Monday, March 23, 2015
CRASH review
In this 2004 drama from Paul Haggis the
viewer gets a rare taste of racial and social tensions that go on in our daily
lives by allowing us to live these tensions through the actions of Sandra
Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan
Fraser, Terrence Howard, Chris 'Ludacris' Bridges, Thandie Newton, Ryan Phillippe,
Larenz Tate, and Michael Pena. The
director, Paul Haggis, sets his movie in the city of Los Angeles that is full
of different cultures, and where racial profiling, and first impressions of the
people around the streets can lead to miscommunications both verbal and
nonverbal.
Interpersonal
conflict
The one interpersonal conflict that I felt
after watching this movie that was not handled effectively was the family
relationship between Detective Graham Walters (Don Cheadle) and his junkie
mother, to whom he promises to find his missing brother Peter (Larenz Tate)
that is currently in trouble with the law for carjacking Rick, (Brendan Fraser)
the local district attorney and his wife Jean’s (Sandra Bullock) SUV at gun
point after having dinner together. In
our reading on primary relationships (Chapter 8 section 4) we learned that”
family is a unified and interconnected system, and change in on part of the
system creates changes or reactions in other parts of the system.” (Sole, K.
2011) The pattern in which the relationship
between Detective Walters and his mother changed when the youngest son started
down the path of crime and the mother did not get the proper help she needed to
get clean from the drugs she was/is on.
The relationship between these family members is strained and needs to
be handled through professional help by means of drug rehab and telling the
truth that Reid has given up hope in finding his lost brother for his mother,
even though she believes he can be helped and still cares for her. In the closing scenes Reid does find his
brother Peter, just not the way he had hoped to. The camera pans from the tennis shoe found
lying by the side of the road to the face of a now dead Peter shot by Officer
Tom Hansen (Ryan Philippe) after offering Peter a ride and a nonverbal
miscommunication is done, with a simple act of pulling the Saint Christopher
statue out his pocket to show that even though the two Hansen and Peter come
from different cultures they have the same belief in the statue that is on the
dashboard.
Saturday, March 21, 2015
Interesting article from Huffington Post.
Link to an article that I found rather interesting. Reason why it is so interesting? I have three children and there are times when they bite their nails. When I was younger I even bit my nails down to the quick due to stressing myself out over little things.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/13/nail-biting-nervous-habits_n_6854152.html?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000063
Feel free to leave comments here or on the link page.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/13/nail-biting-nervous-habits_n_6854152.html?ncid=fcbklnkushpmg00000063
Feel free to leave comments here or on the link page.
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
Survival Guide of A blond-headed girl.
It is a wonder how I have been able to
survive through all of the turning points in my life. The constant moving to a
new place after being there for so long, the battles over where to go for
childhood vacations, the cruel punishment I put my parents through as a
teenager, the lessons learned from my jobs, and the importance of having a good
support group for rough times.
Background
Information
I come from many
places, life for me starts on an Army base called Fort Carson located in
Colorado near Colorado Springs. When I was about five years old I moved from
Colorado to St. Louis, Missouri where I learned about multicultural
environments being that I was growing up in a mostly all black area and being
babysat by an American Indian. I was taught what values, beliefs, and traditions
each culture had at school and at my babysitter’s house (Gary A. Witt, Ronald A. Mossler,
2010).
I also, learned what it was like to be an
outsider looking in and how hard it was to fit into a segregated school. Fearing for our safety my father moved us to
Lake Saint Louis, Missouri where I spent a great deal of my adolescent and
young adult life. In, 1995 I married my
husband and moved to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina where I became a mother as
well as a military wife.
After, serving his time in the Marines we moved back to Missouri and stayed with my mother-in-law in Maryland Heights. My husband enlisted into the Army and received orders for Fort Sill, Oklahoma. At Fort Sill, I became a mother again and a strong member of the companies Family Readiness Group(FRG). My husband then, extended his service time when we found out I was yet again going to be a mother. Our
new orders were going to take us overseas to Ansbach, Germany and a completely
new culture and living area. Three years later, we came back to Missouri and
received orders for Fort Polk, Louisiana this time I became really involved with
my husband’s different units and gained a new respect for the military
family. In May of 2008 I was forced to
be the anchor for the family, while my husband was to go and serve fifteen
months in Iraq. Thanks to being a key
member of the Family Readiness Group we were able to cope with the separation
and the reintegration of daddy to the family. (Cited in Matze, 2005) After being in Fort Polk, for
five years my husband and I were ready for a change. That change came with
orders to move back to Missouri where we are currently based at Fort Leonard
Wood.
Vacation Memories
After, serving his time in the Marines we moved back to Missouri and stayed with my mother-in-law in Maryland Heights. My husband enlisted into the Army and received orders for Fort Sill, Oklahoma. At Fort Sill, I became a mother again and a strong member of the companies Family Readiness Group(FRG). My husband then, extended his service time when we found out I was yet again going to be a mother.
Vacation Memories
During
my childhood I spent several summers and a few spring breaks going to amusement
parks in California and Florida as well as going up to Sister Bay, Wisconsin
where I had a great number of experiences that will last a lifetime. My summers were spent in California spending
time with my grandparents and Aunt Pat and Uncle Richard’s family going to
Disneyland, Knott’s Berry Farm, and Universal Studios as well as Sea World. Once,
while in California I visited Edward’s Air force base and was able to see the
Space Shuttle Challenger land.
We even stopped once and explored Carlsbad Caverns where I learned about stalagmites and stalactites. If, my parents decided to go and visit my Aunt Janet and Uncle Joe in Florida I got to go to Disney World, and Sea World and other historic places. The best vacations from my childhood were spent in Sister Bay, Wisconsin where I got to swim in the Western Coast of Lake Michigan, go fishing on a charter boat and stay in a cabin with a television that made people look like aliens. My father even taught me how to shot a bee bee gun at empty soda cans off my swing. Looking back on these vacations I clearly see that they affected me by showing that I will always be a child at heart, who likes simple things and spending as much time as I could with my family.
Lessons partly learned
We even stopped once and explored Carlsbad Caverns where I learned about stalagmites and stalactites. If, my parents decided to go and visit my Aunt Janet and Uncle Joe in Florida I got to go to Disney World, and Sea World and other historic places. The best vacations from my childhood were spent in Sister Bay, Wisconsin where I got to swim in the Western Coast of Lake Michigan, go fishing on a charter boat and stay in a cabin with a television that made people look like aliens. My father even taught me how to shot a bee bee gun at empty soda cans off my swing. Looking back on these vacations I clearly see that they affected me by showing that I will always be a child at heart, who likes simple things and spending as much time as I could with my family.
Lessons partly learned
Being part of a family of five that
always faced some kind of a change is a major part of my childhood. My mother,
Pamela and father George who have endured many hardships through their
marriage. Showed me that even through good times and bad times that life still
goes on no matter how many knee surgeries and medications you have to
take. My two younger sisters Erin and
Katherine, gave me a glimpse at how hard raising kids really is, even when you
have gone through all the stages of raising one. My grandparents from both sides taught me the
joy of the outdoors and that no matter what you have to fight until the very
end with cancer. My cousins who always
treated me like a little sister explaining the hardships of being a teenager and
that when you meet the right person you will know. My aunts and uncles taught me what work and
perseverance can gain you almost anything in the end.
Teenage years
Teenage years
As
a teenager I was a hard worker at school, even with my somewhat low
self-esteem. As explained in our reading “children with low self-esteem tend to
believe failures are a reflection of whom they are and that they cannot succeed
even if they try harder.”(Erdly,
Cain, Loomis, & Dumas-Hines, 1997 Adult development and Life Assessment
p.11) I was able to break out of my shell with the help of friends that
were both popular and those that were not. When, I was old enough to get a car
I ended up staying out past curfew, being out of control, experimenting with
underage drinking, as well as smoking and destructive to items that were not even
mine. In my senior year of high school I had a major reality check done when my
parents took my car away and explained to me that I needed to be more
responsible for my actions.
Adult years
During my young adult years I had many jobs until the birth of my son in August of 1998. My jobs ranged from babysitting where I would help the children with homework and interact with them either by playing games or reading a book to them, to being a family readiness volunteer. My next job was when I was in high school working the fast food industry in the drive thru area or preparing food for a customer, or fixing a problem that came up with an order. While I was working at the fast food places I was also, working part-time in a local bank, filing checks, making copies, rolling coins, and taking mail to the post office, I even worked as a safety deposit clerk on the weekends. I left fast food and banking for a local gas station where I stocked freezers, made pizzas, and ran the cashier spot and took care of the deposits for the graveyard shift. I also, did a newspaper route for the St. Louis Post Dispatch as a newspaper roller.
This, had to be one the hardest jobs I had since, I could have had a newspaper hit me in the head as it went hurling out my window. After, I got married and moved to North Carolina with my husband Jeffrey I worked for a nationwide inventory service that would go in and count all the products or items in a certain store. I learned very quickly that accurately counting an item and to be quick were required skills besides having taken a course in data entry in high school.
I
stayed out of work until my youngest daughter was able to start school. It was not until we were in Fort Polk that I
started working again. I worked as a
volunteer for my husband’s Family Readiness Group, where I became a co-leader
and learned that you have to follow rules and regulations for fundraising, not
to try to argue a point with a Major about the safety of soldiers drinking and
driving, and that being a point of contact can be very time consuming and
interesting. It was once my friends
started leaving the group that I ended up having to take on the extra
responsibilities of being a leader and keep the morale of our soldiers up as
well as the families that were left behind.
Besides, the FRG I was also, working at the school
libraries shelving books, entering data on new students and clearing them when
they were moving to new areas or schools. It was at my youngest daughter’s
school that I got a taste of what teachers go through in a day when I was asked
to substitute there until a replacement could be found. Based on Holland’s personality types the
reason why most of my jobs did not last as long as others was because they did
not fit my personality type of being artistic which would of allowed me to be
creative that involved something in the field of arts, and gave me a way to
express myself through creativity and independence. (John Holland’s personality types p.57-58)
Advice for the future
My dearest little sister to whom I would
travel around the world for in order to keep safe ,and whom I consider more of
a best friend that is always there to help pick up the pieces of so many other
people’s lives. Chris, the one person to whom I can see as always being there
to take the place of guardian, protector and friend for several years. I am writing this letter in the hopes that
your engagement and future marriage is one filled not only with love, caring
and the future of nieces and/nephews, but with an understanding of how to break
down the barriers of effective interpersonal interactions, finding the perfect
strategy for active, critical, and empathic listening along with knowing that
words can be powerful in creating and affecting attitudes, behavior even
perception. Also, how important it is to have some kind of strategy to manage
any interpersonal conflicts as well as gaining an understanding of the impact
of gender and culture in interpersonal communication.
It is my hope and prayer that you both find
this letter full of good advice as well as helpful in avoiding any
communication problems that arise now and in the future between you both at
home or in the work place.
Barriers of effective
interpersonal interactions
Erin and Chris, as you embark on this new
journey of your lives you will both need to understand that communication is
not just for group discussions, but also for those times when you want or feel
you need to share information. By breaking down the barriers that affect your
interpersonal communication, you both will open a passageway to “setting a
great example for talking to one another, family members at home, new
neighbors, co-workers in the office, by working on this you both will be able
to communicate or interact and affect each other in positive ways with dyadic
communication since it involves two people.” (Sole, K.2011) By having this dyadic communication you
will be able to avoid the common obstacles or psychological factors that
contribute to the disruptive effects on interpersonal communication. By avoiding such obstacles such as
defensiveness- an excessive concern with protecting yourself from being hurt,
motivational distortion-wanting to hear only certain parts of what is being
discussed, self-preoccupation-also known as one upping and not realizing that
this has a negative effect on the other person, and game playing- the
manipulative interactions with foreseen outcomes, that you or someone else
hides the true intentions of the conversation that is being had. Having these barriers broken down and
avoiding or being prepared for any of the obstacles that may disrupt your
interpersonal communication will help in setting up a strategy for active,
critical and empathic listening skills.
Strategies for active,
critical and empathic listening skills
As H. Norman Wright put it so bluntly,
“One of the greatest gifts you can give to your spouse is the gift of
listening. It can be an act of connection and caring. Often when two people are
talking, to one another their conversations and dialogues fall on that of the
deaf. Basically, they are talking at one another instead of to one another.
Listen to your spouse, he or she feels;”
I must be worth hearing.” If, you ignore your
spouse, the thought could be one;” What I
said was not important or “He or She
does not care about me!” Understand listening is much different than hearing. Listening is that you are
trying to understand the other person’s feelings. Hearing is passive, while
listening is active. By sitting silently and, shutting your mouth you might
find that not only does it provide quiet, but it allows you to reflect, and
think about the day’s events and how you want to express them to the
listener. Basically, listening can be
defined in three parts. The first part is to concentrate on what you or the
other person is saying and absorbing it when most people are not listening to
what is being said to them but are already listening to what they are going to say in response. Too
often you might think you know what your partner is going to say, so you put
our minds on hold and tune each other out. Second, is accepting what each other
is saying without even judging what is being said or how it is being said. By
accepting what is being said you are not agreeing , it just means that you
understand that what the other person is saying is something that person feels
strongly about. Finally, try repeating what your partner is saying and what you
think they might be feeling while they spoke to you. Real listening signals an
obvious interest in the other person’s feelings and opinions as well as an
attempt in understanding each other from one another’s perspective. I know it may sound strange, but even just
sitting there quietly and just listening to what each of you is saying can be a
major step in strengthening your relationship with each other and in your
corporate lives. Kenny Moore found that
“silence is golden” when you stop and listen to what is being said at work
after he left his monastery. By just sitting and listening to what was being
said at his own job he found that it improved the morale of the workers and
corporate staff. Just remember that your
words hold a certain amount of power too.
Sunday, March 15, 2015
Preventing Teenage Suicide
Teenage suicide has several reasons for being committed or attempted and
those reasons can be complex. For people in the age range of 15-24 suicide is
the third-leading cause of death according to the Center of Disease Control and
Prevention Not to mention that for every completed teen suicide at least 25
attempts made. (kidsnation.com, 2014). Knowing that “every week twelve young
men kill themselves (Samaritans, 1999 & Day, 2004); and men are four times
more likely to kill themselves than girls (Garland & Zigler, 1993 &
Day, 2004) and they are more likely to hang themselves while girls typically
overdose (Madge and Harvey, 1999 & Day, 2004).” In her article, Patricia
Day” Is teaching problem solving to young people a way of preventing teenage
suicide?” mentions; “The Samaritans estimate that 19,000 adolescents attempt
suicide every year and 700 succeed (Kenny, 2002). The reasons for the increase
in young male suicide are difficult to pinpoint (Laurent, 2000). For females,
they are much better at using social support when they have problems and
accepting therapeutic help (Seiffge-Krenke, 2000)."
Adolescence is when teenagers are going through changes, emotionally,
cognitively and socially, sexual orientation, wanting of independence, conflicts
with rules, as well as the expectations of others around them academically and
physically. It is through these changes, that adolescence, can and does have an
impact on the emotional well-being (Seiffge-Krenke, 2000). The results of these
changes can cause risk-taking resulting in life-threatening behavior.
According to kidsnation.com suicide among teens usually happens after a
stressful life changing event, problems at school, and a breakup, death of a
family member, divorce, or a major family conflict. Low self-esteem also
discriminates suicidal teens. Self-esteem can influence the actions and having
the correct amount is associated with being able to ‘control one's actions’ and
cope with stress. High self –esteem can be seen as a factor of resilience (Sandin
et al. 1999 p.423). Should a person have low self-esteem it can interfere with
the construction of self-confirmation and adversely affects the chances for
establishing the supportive interpersonal relations that can be highly
protective in stress (Tomori and Zalar, 2000 p. 232)?
In Day’s paper, she goes on to mention to several programs that are in
effect to help prevent/reduce the number of male suicides. However, these
programs might work for females too. These programs include suicide education
programs (which are not effective and even have negative effects according to
Garland and Ziger in 1993 and Ploeg et al. in 1996). Programs aimed at
enhancing problem solving, the stop, think, do program from Australia using
traffic signals to help solve situations.
Sure the United States has similar programs in place for teenage suicide prevention, however many of them do not work or are being taught at the wrong age. Parents also need to be aware of what is going on with their teenager, ask questions, and be nosey by looking through their backpacks and rooms. Watch for warning signs, depression, self-inflicted cutting, the pulling away from friends or family, changes in eating or sleeping habits, the giving away of ‘prized’ possessions, writing of songs, letters, poems mentioning death, separation and loss just to name a few. Educators also need to be on their toes for warning signs from their students such as; talk of suicide or death in general, hints of not being around, not wanting to play sports anymore, a lack of concentration, or thinking clearly, the writing of poems, letters, songs mentioning separation, loss, or death in them.
In conclusion, teenage suicide is not something that can just be brushed
under the mat. The prevention is a group project that must be done by everyone.
In order to solve the problem, more programs that are productive need to be
taught to children not just within a certain age group, but to all soon-to-be
teenagers in order for them to understand what they are going to face once they
get older and more to a new school. Using the Australian program stop, think do
the United States and other countries have a good chance at reducing the rate
of teenage attempts and suicides.
References
About Teen Suicide. (2014). Kidsnation.com Pg.1-4
Day, P. (2004). Is teaching problem solving to young
people a way of preventing teenage
Suicide?
Practice Development in Health Care, 3(3), 158-178.
http://ww.search.ebscohost.comproxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspxdirect=true&db=a9h&AN=14952633&site=eds-live
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